civil
英 [ˈsɪv.əl]
美 [ˈsɪv.əl]
- adj. 公民的；民间的；文职的；有礼貌的；根据民法的
- n. (Civil)人名；(土)吉维尔；(法)西维尔
使用频率:
记忆方法
将“civil”与“ci”联想到城市的“ci”，想象城市的居民（people）和谐相处，遵循法律和秩序，从而形成“civil”的含义，即“公民的”、“国内的”或“文明的”。
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中文词源
civil 民用的
来自拉丁语civilis,市民的，来自civis,市民，来自PIE*kei,躺，休息，词源同home,city.
英语词源
- civil
-
civil: [14] Latin cīvis ‘citizen’ had two adjectival derivatives which have passed into English: cīvicus, source of civic [16], and cīvīlis, from which, via Old French, we get civil. Of its derivatives, civility [14] comes from Latin cīvīlitās, but civilize [17] and civilian [14] are French creations.
=> civilize, city - civil (adj.)
- late 14c., "relating to civil law or life; pertaining to the internal affairs of a state," from Old French civil "civil, relating to civil law" (13c.) and directly from Latin civilis "relating to a citizen, relating to public life, befitting a citizen," hence by extension "popular, affable, courteous;" alternative adjectival derivation of civis "townsman" (see city).
The sense of "polite" was in classical Latin, from the courteous manners of citizens, as opposed to those of soldiers. But English did not pick up this nuance of the word until late 16c. "Courteous is thus more commonly said of superiors, civil of inferiors, since it implies or suggests the possibility of incivility or rudeness" [OED]. Civil case (as opposed to criminal) is recorded from 1610s. Civil liberty is by 1640s. Civil service is from 1772, originally in reference to the East India Company.
权威例句
- 1. The strike has taken on overtones of a civil rights campaign.
- 罢工带上了民权运动的意味。
- 2. The Channel Tunnel project is the biggest civil engineering project in Europe.
- 英吉利海峡隧道是欧洲最大的土木工程。
- 3. There are other forms of civil disorder — most notably, football hooliganism.
- 还有其他形式的民众骚乱，最出名的是足球流氓行为。
- 4. A gentleman should always be civil, even to his inferiors.
- 绅士应该总是彬彬有礼,即便是对地位不及自己者.
- 5. The civil war is obstructing distribution of famine relief by aid agencies.
- 内战阻碍着救援机构对饥荒赈济物资的配给。
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