hard,艰难的，-ship,抽象名词后缀。

1. Many people are suffering economic hardship.

很多人正处于经济困难之中。

2. Housing benefit provides a cushion against hardship.

住房福利可以减轻人们生活的艰辛。

3. Hardship and penury wore him out before his time.

受穷受苦使他未老先衰.

4. He was willing to face any hardship in fulfillment of his duty.

他愿意面对任何困难去履行他的职责.

5. The tax increases will, in the aggregate, cause much hardship.

增加税收归结起来造成很多困难.