refractory
英 [rɪˈfræk.tər.i]
美 [rɪˈfræk.tər.i]
- adj. 难治的;难熔的;不听话的
- n. 倔强的人;耐火物质
refractory 倔强的,顽固的re-,向后,往回,-fract,破开,碎开,词源同 break,fraction.-ory,形容词后缀。字面意思即宁为 玉碎的,引申词义倔强的,顽固的。
- refractory (adj.)
- "stubborn, obstinate, perverse," 1610s (earlier refractorious, 1550s, refractary, c. 1600), from Latin refractarius "obstinate, stubborn," from past participle stem of refringere (see refraction). Related: Refractorily; refractoriness.
- 1. He is a very refractory child .
- 他是一个很倔强的孩子。
- 2. Silicate minerals are characteristically refractory and difficult to break down.
- 硅酸盐矿物的特点是耐熔和难以分离.
- 3. The excreta of aquatic animals - fish, frogs, turtles, snakes, etc - contain similar refractory materials.
- 水生动植物如鱼 、 蛙 、 龟 、 蛇等的排泄物中也会含有类似的难处理的物质.
- 4. The excreta of humans and land animals contain soluble refractory organic matter.
- 人和陆生动物排泄物含有可溶的难处理有机物质.
- 5. Reflux leads to recurrent or refractory aspiration pneumonia.
- 反流可引起复发的难治的吸入性肺炎.