substance,基础，根据，-al,形容词后缀。引申比喻义大量的，重大的。拼写比较 space,spatial.

1. Substantial numbers of rank and file members ignored their union's advice.

有相当一部分普通员工不理睬工会的建议。

2. I got substantial damages. It took two years, mind you.

我损失惨重，请注意，我用了两年时间才恢复过来。

3. A substantial proportion of the population speak a French-based patois.

人口中有一大部分说以法语为基础的混合语。

4. The social services account for a substantial part of public spending.

社会福利事业占了一大部分的公共支出。

5. There is a substantial payback in terms of employee and union relations.

雇员和工会关系大有改观。