中文词源
alchemy 炼金术
来自阿拉伯语。al, 阿拉伯定冠词. 词根chem, 注入，同词根found, 注入，见confound，困惑的。现代化学由炼金术发展而来。
英语词源
- alchemy
-
alchemy: [14] Alchemy comes, via Old French alkemie and medieval Latin alchimia, from Arabic alkīmīā. Broken down into its component parts, this represents Arabic al ‘the’ and kīmīā, a word borrowed by Arabic from Greek khēmíā ‘alchemy’ – that is, the art of transmuting base metals into gold. (It has been suggested that khēmīā is the same word as Khēmīā, the ancient name for Egypt, on the grounds that alchemy originated in Egypt, but it seems more likely that it derives from Greek khūmós ‘fluid’ – source of English chyme [17] – itself based on the verb khein ‘pour’).
Modern English chemistry comes not directly from Greek khēmíā, but from alchemy, with the loss of the first syllable.
=> chemistry, chyme - alchemy (n.)
- mid-14c., from Old French alchimie (14c.), alquemie (13c.), from Medieval Latin alkimia, from Arabic al-kimiya, from Greek khemeioa (found c.300 C.E. in a decree of Diocletian against "the old writings of the Egyptians"), all meaning "alchemy." Perhaps from an old name for Egypt (Khemia, literally "land of black earth," found in Plutarch), or from Greek khymatos "that which is poured out," from khein "to pour," related to khymos "juice, sap" [Klein, citing W. Muss-Arnolt, calls this folk etymology]. The word seems to have elements of both origins.
Mahn ... concludes, after an elaborate investigation, that Gr. khymeia was probably the original, being first applied to pharmaceutical chemistry, which was chiefly concerned with juices or infusions of plants; that the pursuits of the Alexandrian alchemists were a subsequent development of chemical study, and that the notoriety of these may have caused the name of the art to be popularly associated with the ancient name of Egypt. [OED]
The al- is the Arabic definite article, "the." The art and the name were adopted by the Arabs from Alexandrians and thence returned to Europe via Spain. Alchemy was the "chemistry" of the Middle Ages and early modern times; since c. 1600 the word has been applied distinctively to the pursuit of the transmutation of baser metals into gold, which, along with the search for the universal solvent and the panacea, were the chief occupations of early chemistry.
权威例句
- 1. Richard told me of three 16th-century folio volumes on alchemy.
- 理查德告诉过我16世纪的三卷关于炼金术的对开本书籍的事。
- 2. What spurred them on was alchemy, the'science " of changing ordinary metals into gold.
- 激励他们的是炼金术, 即把普通金属变为金子的 “ 科学 ”.
- 3. Religion had an intimate association with alchemy during the Middle Ages.
- 在中世纪,宗教和炼金术密切相联.
- 4. Let us imagine that by some political alchemy it had been possible to make all men equal.
- 让我们想象通过某种政治魔力能使人人平等。
- 5. One of the supreme quests of alchemy is to transmute lead into gold.
- 炼金术的终极目的之一是将铅转化为金。
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