记忆方法
将“aristocracy”分解为“aristo-”和“-cracy”。记忆方法可以是：“aristo”联想到“aristocrat”（贵族），而“-cracy”可以想象为“统治”或“政权”，结合在一起，就是“贵族的统治”或“贵族政治体系”。这样的联想可以帮助记忆“aristocracy”这个单词的含义。
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中文词源
aristocracy 贵族
词根arist-, 最好的，来自词根ar-, 连结，匹配，词源同arm. -ist, 最高级后缀。词根cracy, 统治，管理，词源同democracy,词源同hard, 由硬衍生力量，权力。
英语词源
- aristocracy
-
aristocracy: [16] Greek áristos meant ‘best’; hence aristocracy signifies, etymologically, ‘rule by the best’ (the suffix -cracy derives ultimately from Greek krátos ‘strength, power’, a relative of English hard). The term aristokratíā was used by Aristotle and Plato in their political writings, denoting ‘government of a state by those best fitted for the task’, and English writers perpetuated the usage when the word was borrowed from French aristocratie: Thomas Hobbes, for instance, wrote ‘Aristocracy is that, wherein the highest magistrate is chosen out of those that have had the best education’, Art of Rhetoric 1679.
But from the first the term was also used in English for ‘rule by a privileged class’, and by the mid 17th century this had begun to pass into ‘the privileged class’ itself, ‘the nobility’. The derived aristocrat appeared at the end of the 18th century; it was a direct borrowing of French aristocrate, a coinage inspired by the French Revolution.
=> hard - aristocracy (n.)
- 1560s, from Middle French aristocracie (Modern French aristocratie), from Late Latin aristocratia, from Greek aristokratia "government or rule of the best," from aristos "best" (originally "most fitting," from PIE *ar-isto-, superlative form of *ar- "to fit together;" see arm (n.1)) + kratos "rule, power" (see -cracy).
At first in a literal sense of "government by those who are the best citizens;" meaning "rule by a privileged class" (best-born or best-favored by fortune) is from 1570s and became paramount 17c. Hence, the meaning "patrician order" (1650s). In early use contrasted with monarchy; after French and American revolutions, with democracy.
权威例句
- 1. members of the aristocracy
- 贵族成员
- 2. A century ago the aristocracy were truly lords of the earth.
- 一个世纪之前，贵族阶层是绝对的统治者。
- 3. The highest - ranking members of the Spanish aristocracy are the grandees.
- 西班牙贵族中爵位最高的成员乃是大公.
- 4. Many members of the aristocracy were guillotined in France during the Revolution.
- 大革命时期法国许多贵族被送上断头台.
- 5. The trader and catcher may yet be a - mong our aristocracy.
- 黑奴贩子和黑奴追捕者们,恐怕还将侧身于我们的达官贵人之列呢.
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