burst

词源同break, 破开。

burst

burst: [OE] In Old English, burst meant simply ‘break suddenly and sharply’; the modern connotation of ‘breaking open owing to internal pressure’ developed in the 16th century. The word comes from a prehistoric West and North Germanic *brestan, which can be traced back to an Indo-European base *bhrest- (this has been linked with medieval Irish brosc ‘noise’).

burst (v.)

Old English berstan (intransitive) "break suddenly, shatter under pressure" (class III strong verb; past tense bærst, past participle borsten), from a West Germanic metathesis of Proto-Germanic *brest- (cognates: Old Saxon brestan, Old Frisian bersta, Middle Dutch berstan, Low German barsten, Dutch barsten, Old High German brestan, German bersten "to burst"), from PIE root *bhres- "to burst, break, crack."

The forms reverted to brest- in Middle English from influence of Old Norse brestan/brast/brosten, from the same Germanic root, but it was re-metathesized late 16c. and emerged in the modern form, though brast was common as past tense through 17c. and survives in dialect.

Of extended or distended surfaces from 1530s. Figuratively, in reference to being over-full of excitement, anticipation, etc., from 1630s. Transitive sense ("to cause to break") is from late 13c. Meaning "to issue suddenly and abundantly" is from c. 1300 (literal), mid-13c. (figurative). Meaning "break into sudden activity or expression" is from 1680s. Related: Bursting.

burst (n.)

1610s, "act of bursting," from burst (v.). Meaning "a spurt" (of activity, etc.) is from 1862. The earlier noun berst (early Middle English) meant "damage, injury, harm."

1. A brilliant shaft of sunlight burst through the doorway.

一束耀眼的阳光从门口照射进来。

2. Her burst of exuberance and her brightness overwhelmed me.

她勃发的热情和阳光的性格征服了我。

3. Rachel burst out as the door was flung open again.

当门被再次猛地推开时，雷切尔冲了出去。

4. The avenues lined with jacaranda trees burst into a carnival of purple.

大街的两旁种着蓝花楹，绽放的花朵汇成一片紫色的海洋。

5. The men burst in wearing balaclavas and brandishing sawn-off shotguns.

头戴遮脸盔式帽、挥舞着短管猎枪的几名男子冲了进来。