记忆方法
1. 人名Carl, Charles 的意思是“男人，丈夫（man, husband）”，与 Carl, Charles 同源的churl 在古英语里指“男人，丈夫，下层自由民，农民”，有意思的是，corn “谷物”也属于同源，Carl, Charles，corn 的共同特点是“成熟”。
中文词源
churl 粗鲁的人，村夫，农夫
来自PIE*ger，长大，成熟，词源同Charles, gerontology。其原词义为普通人，农人，自由民等，后词义不断恶化。比较villain来自village.
英语词源
- churl (n.)
- Old English ceorl "peasant, freeman, man without rank," from Proto-Germanic *kerlaz, *karlaz (cognates: Old Frisian zerl "man, fellow," Middle Low German kerle, Dutch kerel "freeman of low degree," German Kerl "man, husband," Old Norse karl "old man, man").
It had various meaning in early Middle English, including "man of the common people," "a country man," "husbandman," "free peasant;" by 1300, it meant "bondman, villain," also "fellow of low birth or rude manners." For words for "common man" that acquire an insulting flavor over time, compare boor, villain. In this case, however, the same word also has come to mean "king" in many languages (such as Lithuanian karalius, Czech kral, Polish król) via Charlemagne.
权威例句
- 1. The vile person shall be no more called liberal , nor the churl said to be bountiful.
- 愚顽人不再称为高明 、 吝啬人不再称为大方.
- 2. He must have had some upsdowns in life to make him such a churl .
- 他一定经历了很多起起落落才形成了变成了如此粗鄙的人。
- 3. He must have had some ups and downs in life to make him such a churl.
- 他一生一定经历过一些坎坷,才使他变成这么一个粗暴的人.
- 4. Churl I'll drop the love - juice in your eyes. Hey !
- 坏东西,我将在你的眼精滴进爱情的花液.
- 5. And, tender churl, makes t waste in niggarding.
- 温柔的怪物呵, 用吝啬浪费了全部.
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