custom
英 [ˈkʌs.təm]
美 [ˈkʌs.təm]
- n. 习惯，惯例；风俗；海关，关税；经常光顾；[总称]（经常性的）顾客
- adj. （衣服等）定做的，定制的
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记忆方法
将“custom”与“cus-tom”（顾客）联想，想象顾客形成了自己的“custom”（习惯或惯例），从而理解“custom”指的是习惯、习俗或定制。
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中文词源
custom 习俗，惯例，海关
来自拉丁词consuetus, 来自词根su, 自己的，词源同self, idiom. 即形成自己的习惯。对进口商品惯常性的征收一定的税金或费用并最终形成专门的政府机构，词义由惯例引申为海关。
英语词源
- custom
-
custom: [12] Custom comes ultimately from Latin consuēscere, a compound verb formed from the intensive prefix com- and suēscere ‘become accustomed’. This in turn was derived from suī, the genitive singular of the reflexive pronoun suus ‘oneself’; the notion underlying its formation was therefore ‘that which is one’s own’, a semantic element echoed in Greek ethos ‘custom, usage, trait’, which was based ultimately on Indo-European *swe- ‘oneself’.
From consuēscere was formed the Latin noun consuētūdō ‘being accustomed’ (source of the English legal noun consuetude ‘custom’ [14]). This passed into early Old French as *costudne, which developed via *costumne to custome, the form borrowed into Middle English (English costume came from the same ultimate source, but via Italian costume).
The word’s original sense, ‘habitual practice’, developed various secondary associations, including ‘customary tax’ (whence customs duties) and ‘customary business patronage’ (whence customer). The derivative accustom [15] was borrowed from Anglo-Norman acustumer.
=> accustom, costume - custom (n.)
- c. 1200, "habitual practice," from Old French costume "custom, habit, practice; clothes, dress" (12c., Modern French coutume), from Vulgar Latin *consuetumen, from Latin consuetudinem (nominative consuetudo) "habit, usage, way, practice, tradition, familiarity," from consuetus, past participle of consuescere "accustom," from com-, intensive prefix (see com-), + suescere "become used to, accustom oneself," related to sui, genitive of suus "oneself," from PIE *swe- "oneself" (see idiom). Replaced Old English þeaw. Sense of a "regular" toll or tax on goods is early 14c. The native word here is toll.
- custom (adj.)
- "made to measure or order," c. 1830, from custom (n.).
权威例句
- 1. It was his invariable custom to have one whisky before his supper.
- 晚饭前来杯威士忌，这是他一直以来的习惯。
- 2. Furniture can also be custom-made to suit your own requirements.
- 你也可以按照自己的要求定制家具。
- 3. The married women of Shitamachi maintained the custom of blackening their teeth.
- 下町的已婚女性还保留着把牙齿涂黑的习俗。
- 4. This custom was still current in the late 1960s.
- 这种习俗在20世纪60年代末仍然很普遍。
- 5. When they conquered Britain, the Romans brought this custom with them.
- 古罗马人征服英国的时候也带来了这个风俗。
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