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1. The old-timers and established families clutched the reins of power.

久居此地的居民和根基稳固的家族牢牢掌控着权力。

2. Medical tests established that she was not their own child.

医学化验证实她不是他们的亲骨肉。

3. Einstein had the chutzpah to discard common sense and long-established theory.

爱因斯坦敢于抛弃常识和长期公认的理论。

4. She could have established her own innocence and virtue easily enough.

她本可以轻易地证实自己纯真善良的品性。

5. They established that the body belonged to a 15-year-old girl.

他们确定这是一具15岁女孩的尸体。