scum

英 [skʌm]      美 [skʌm]
  • n. 浮渣;泡沫;糟粕
  • vi. 产生泡沫;被浮渣覆盖
  • vt. 将浮渣去除掉
使用频率:
scum
«
1 / 5
»
1. skim scum.
2. sky "cover" => scum.
3. scum is etymologically a 'layer on top' of something.
4. 区别:scrum, scum: 有花儿就会为花儿而争抢、扭打,没花儿就是垃圾、废物、浮渣。
scum 浮垢,浮渣,渣滓,败类

来自中古英语 scum,泡沫,浮渣,来自 Proto-Germanic*skumaz,覆盖,隐藏,来自 PIE*skeu, 覆盖,隐藏,词源同 hide,skim.引申比喻义渣滓,败类等。

scum
scum: [13] Scum is etymologically a ‘layer on top’ of something. The word’s modern connotations of ‘dirt’ are a secondary development. It comes ultimately from prehistoric Germanic *skūman, a derivative of the base *skū- ‘cover’, and its relatives include German schaum ‘foam’ (source of English meerschaum [18], literally ‘sea-foam’).

English scum originally meant ‘foam’ too (‘Those small white Fish to Venus consecrated, though without Venus’ aid they be created of th’ Ocean scum’, Joshua Sylvester, Divine Weeks and Works of Du Bartas 1598), the notion being of a layer of froth ‘covering’ liquid, but by the 15th century it was broadening out to any ‘film on top of liquid’, and from there it went downhill to a ‘film of dirt’ and then simply ‘dirt’.

Germanic *skūman was borrowed into Old French as escume, and this formed the basis of a verb escumer ‘remove the top layer’, from which English gets skim [15].

=> meerschaum, skim
scum (n.)
early 14c. (implied in scummer "shallow ladle for removing scum"), from Middle Dutch schume "foam, froth," from Proto-Germanic *skuma- (cognates: Old Norse skum, Old High German scum, German Schaum "foam, froth"), perhaps from PIE root *(s)keu- "to cover, conceal" (see hide (n.1)).

Sense deteriorated from "thin layer atop liquid" to "film of dirt," then just "dirt." Meaning "lowest class of humanity" is 1580s; scum of the Earth is from 1712. Adopted in Romanic (Old French escume, Modern French écume, Spanish escuma, Italian schiuma).
1. Someone had scrawled "Scum" on his car.
有人在他的车上涂写了“人渣”的字样。
2. Skim off any scum.
撇净浮沫。
3. Skim the scum off the jam and let it cool.
撇去果酱上的浮沫,让它冷却。
4. There is a ring of scum in the washbasin.
这个脸盆内有一圈污垢.
5. There was green scum over the pond.
池塘水面有绿色的浮藻.

相关单词

广而告之

1一秒钟记单词小学英语单词记背神器英语一二三四五六年级人教版英语词汇汇总表单词记背神器 单词记忆书单词词汇速记强化训练 【推荐理由】赠运费险,热门商品 【现价】27.9 【下单链接】38¥ CZ3457 5OArdvEMFvn¥